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21.18 Reaction Summary

Bromination of benzene

a)
Bromination of benzene

Chlorination of benzene

b)
Chlorination of benzene (1 of 2)

Iodination of benzene

c)
Iodination of benzene

Nitration of benzene

d)
Nitration of benzene

Sulfonation of benzene

e)
Sulfonation of benzene

Ortho-para directors

f)
Ortho-para directors

Meta directors

g)
Meta directors

Friedel-Crafts alkylation

h)
Friedel-Crafts alkylation

Friedel-Crafts Acylation

i)
Friedel-Crafts Acylation

Gatterman-Koch formylation

j)
Gatterman-Koch formylation

Clemmensen Reduction

k)
Clemmensen Reduction

Aniline from nitrobenzene

l)
Aniline from nitrobenzene

Sandmeyer reaction

m)
Sandmeyer reaction

Sandmeyer-like reactions

n)
Sandmeyer-like reactions

Aniline to amide

o)
Aniline to amide

Hydrolysis of amide to amine

p)
Hydrolysis of amide to amine

Addition-Elimination Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution

q)
Addition-Elimination Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution

Benzyne Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution

r)
Benzyne Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution

Gilman Reagent Synthesis

s)
Gilman Reagent Synthesis

Gilman Reagent reaction with alkyl halide

t)
Gilman Reagent reaction with alkyl halide

Gilman Reagent reaction with aryl halide

u)
Gilman Reagent reaction with aryl halide

Chlorination of benzene

v)
Chlorination of benzene (2 of 2)

Hydrogenation of benzene

w)
Hydrogenation of benzene

Birch Reduction

x)
Birch Reduction

Oxidation of alkyl benzene

y)
Oxidation of alkyl benzene

Side-chain halogenation

z)
Side-chain halogenation

Oxidation of phenol

aa)
Oxidation of phenol