Introduction
The following are common carbonyl compounds. A ketone has two carbon groups attached to the carbonyl while an aldehyde has a carbon group and a hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl group. A carboxylic acid has an OH group attached to the carbonyl. Esters, amides, and acid chlorides are carboxylic acid derivatives. As we will see later in this chapter, they can all be made from carboxylic acids. Esters have alkoxy groups (–OR) attached to the carbonyl, amides have nitrogen atoms attached to the carbonyl, and acid chlorides have chlorine atoms attached to the carbonyl.
